Chapter I

Introduction

1. Background Of The Study

Literature represents “ ‘life’ and ‘life’ , in a big step, is a societal world, even though the natural universe and the inner or subjective universe of the person have besides been object of the literary imitation” ( Wellek and Warren 1956:94 ) . As a tool to portion human experience, literary represent the existent state of affairs when the literary work is produced. The portraiture of life in literary work from experience and cognition of the writer and it is assorted with his imaginativeness. Writer transforms from societal fact into a text and offers the universe into words as desired by the writer.

Harmonizing toOxford Advanced Learner’sDictionary, “a novel is a narrative long plenty to make full a complete book, in which the character and events are normally imaginary” ( 2005:1039 ) . Sometimes, the novel express feeling, passion and emotion caused by a esthesis of the interestingness of life. Because novel is portion of literature. It means that novel expresses life world without disregarding the environment which influences the authorship.

The narrative of fresh grows from the inventive head of the writers. They express what was go oning around them from natural phenomena to the lives of the people in their community. The portraiture of the societal worlds have been written in many literary plants all around the universe. One of the those literary plants is maxim gorky’s novel,Mother.

Motheris a Russia novel. The chief issue in this novel is proletariat. It’s a sort of Russia history novel that depict about proletariat life. Such as labor survive for their unrecorded and battle of to acquire their freedom.

The labor are proprietor of labour power ( the ability to work ) , with no resources other than the ability to work with their custodies, organic structures, and heads ( Magnis, 1999:114 ) . In order to last and obtain an income for themselves and their households, they must happen employment and work for the capitalist employer. Proletariat lives from his ability to work which means lives from rewards from bourgoise, because they don’t have capital, topographic points, and machines. This besides makes them to sell their ability to work. As the consequence the end product stuff and bring forth productiveness is no longer belongs to the labourer.

This fresh describes the state of affairs of labor in despicable mill. Everyday they work hard. The life of the workers i controlled by the mill whistling. They are really hapless. Exhausted with labor, work forces drank fleetly, and in every bosom here awoke and grew an inexplicable, sallow annoyance.

Every twenty-four hours the mill whistling bellowed forth its shrill, boom, trembling

noises into the smoke-begrimed and oily ambiance of the workmans ‘s

suburb ; and obedient to the biddings of the power of steam, people poured

out of small grey houses into the street. With drab faces they hastened frontward like frightened roaches, their musculuss stiff from deficient slumber. In the iciness forenoon dusk they walked through the narrow, unpaved street to the tall rock coop that waited for them with cold confidence, lighting their muddy route with tonss of greasy, xanthous, square eyes. The clay plashed under their pess as if in mocking pity. Hoarse exclaimings of sleepy voices were heard ; irritated, cranky, opprobrious linguistic communication rent the air with maliciousness ; and, to welcome the people, deafening sounds floated about—the heavy birr of machinery, the disgruntled snicker of steam. Stern and somber, the black chimneys stretched their immense, thick sticks high above the small town. (Mother:1901:1 )

Mother portrays the status of proletariat household. Pelagea Nilnova is the female parent of Pavel Mikhailovich. At the beginning of the novel, Pelagea is no different from the remainder of the working adult females of Russia who toil in mills throughout the twenty-four hours and put up with wife-beating work forces at dark. For 20 old ages, she lived a suffering life with her hubby Mikhail Vlassov, a crabbed woman hater, whose go throughing off didn’t sadden anyone.

Therefore besides lived Michael Vlasov, a glooming, dark adult male, with small eyes which looked at everybody from under his midst eyebrows suspiciously, with a mistrustful, evil smiling. He was the best locksmith in the mill, and the strongest adult male in the village.But he was impudent and disrespectful toward the chief rintendent, and hence earned small ; every vacation he beat person, and everyone disliked and feared him. (Mother:1901:7 )

After the decease of his male parent, Pavel, who is merely a teenage male child, joins the mill and there he learns the corporate power of the labor. He discovers that the working category is the existent agent of alteration in society.

One twenty-four hours, immature people gather to disscus about the proletariat hereafter. That leads to a series of survey circles and book reading Sessionss in the house of Vlassovs in which like-minded, socialist workers actively take portion. They want to halt this wretchedness and freedom from subjugation. From this state of affairs, Proletariat take a portion of Russian Revolution.

The writer of novel is Maxim Gorky, he is a Russian author. Born and turn in the lower category, Gorky became familiar with proletariat category life. Gorky was born in Nizhny Novgorod and became orphan at the age of 11. Gorky was brought up by his grandma. In 1880, at the age of 12, he ran off from place. After an effort at self-destruction in 1887 December, he travelled on pes across the Russian Empire for five old ages, altering occupation and roll uping feelings used subsequently in his authorship. ( Yedlin:1999:15 )

The novel was translated into many linguistic communications. It has been sold more than four million transcripts in many states. The novel published in 1907 in Russia and consists of 375 pages. In Indonesian,Motherwas translated by Pramoedya Ananta Toer.

Basically, this novel is interesting to be analyzed for some grounds. The first, mother describe the strugle of proletariat category for lasting and the on the job category is the existent agent of alteration in society. The 2nd ground, axiom Gorky is celebrated writer in Soviet Union. His literary work Tell about societal issues in Soviet Union. The last is puting inMotherin Soviet Union during revolution.

Motheris written to demo other people around the universe the status of proletariat category during pre-revolution. Sing the account above the research worker turns to analyse the novel by utilizing mimetic attack.

Abrams inPengkajian Sastrasays that mimetic criticsm is “literary critic which view literary unfavorable judgment as imitation facet of nature, mirror, or representation of the universe and life” ( Pradotokusumo,2002:22 ) . Meanwhile, harmonizing to Morner and Rausch in NTC’S Dictionary of Literary Footings, Mimetic criticsm is an attack to literary unfavorable judgment that views an single work in footings of the ‘truth’ of its representation of the world of the universe and of the human life and character ( 1998:135 )

1.2 Statement of Problem

Based on the background of the survey described above, this survey is intended to reply the interesting inquiry. It is “ to what extent doesMotherportray the Russian labor function in Russian during the Russian Revolution?”

1.3 Objective of the survey

In line with statement of the job above, this survey is intended to happen out how farMotherportrays the Russian labor function in Russian during the Russian Revolution.

1.4 Scope and Limitation

Many facet can be discused in literary work. The range of my survey is focused on the discoursing the mimetic analysis and refering on the relation between a literary work,Mother,and the proletariat function during Russian Revolution.

To avoid complicated treatment and to do it more spesific, the research worker will analyse the Russian Revolution and proletariat function. By understanding and comparing all of those treatments clearly, the proletariat function in Russian Revolution at the clip as reflected inMothercan be revealed.

1.5 Significance of the Study

The consequence of this survey is expected to lend theoretically and practically for the reader. Theoretically, this survey can assist the readers to understand about mimetic attack.

Practically, after acquiring better understanding about the societal issues of proletariat’s life in this survey, this survey expected to be utile from societal point of position. Then, this survey will do the readers aware that labor or societal category could non be tolerated because it makes people unrecorded miserably. Every homo is created equal and there is no category societal better than other. So any sorts of category societal should be erased from the Earth.

1.6 Research Method

This chapter consists of research design, processs of roll uping informations, and processs of analysing informations.

1.6.1 Research Design

This research is descriptive qualitative research. The research worker uses library research to roll up the informations and information related to her research. The research will foremost analyse the novel through associating the existent life of labor. They will be described exhaustively and followed by the citation of the novel. In depicting the information, the research worker will set the account on the theory used.

The planning of the research worker will be put in happening the account about how the novel describes the proletariat function and the causes, the societal status of proletariat category and the place of proletariat category. Some determination will be the nucleus of decision every bit good as the reply of the statement of job. Besides, the determination of this research may besides became the extra statements about what novel is pass oning.

16.2 Approach

As it stated antecedently, that the aim of this survey are to happen out the proletariat function in russia revolution in Soviet Union and to cognize how far does the proletariat function during russia revolution in the female parent portray the world of proletariat function in existent life. To derive the ends, a literary attack is needed. Therefore, this survey will use mimetic attack. Mimetic attack is the thought that art or literary work imitates world. Aristotle inCritical Aproach to Literaturestated that “all the sort of poetry-epic, tragic, amusing and dithyrambic, naming the sorts known to himin Grecian literature-involves mimesis, imitation or representation ; and one can stand for assorted facet of existent or fanciful state of affairss through any one of assortment of agencies or media” ( Daiches,1956:25 )

Mimetic attack identifies the literary work as imitation of nature or societal phenomena in society. So it can be concluded that mimetic attack is the relationship between literary work and world. In this instance, cognizing the proletariat function in russia revolution is of import to assist researcher compose this thesis. Furthermore, by utilizing mimetic attack, it is hoped that the phenomena of proletariat function during russia revolution in mothe is the existent portrayal of world, can be proven.

1.6.3 Beginning of Data

The information of this research are divided into two sorts. They are chief informations and secondary informations.

a. The chief informations are taken from the text of novelMotherby Maxim Gorky.Motherpublished in 1907 in Russia by Vintage books, the fresh consists of 30 nine chapters, 389 pages. It tells about the life of the labor, the function labor in Russian Revolution and other information that has correlativity with the statement of the job.

B. The secondary informations are the informations that support the chief informations. They contain the information that portraits the proletariat function during Russian Revolution. They are taken from “History of Russia” , A People’s Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution.

1.6.4Techniqueof Collecting Data

In roll uping informations, the undermentioned stairss are applied:

1. Reading the novel wholly
2. Reading all sorts of articles or books that associating to the novel.
3. Underscoring the information that shows the proletariat function in Russian revolution in the novel
4. Taging the information from books, articles or diary related to the novel
5. Choosing all the information that has been collected and merely the important informations are used in the procedure of making this survey

1.6.5TechniqueOf Analyzing Data

The collected informations are so analyzed utilizing the undermentioned stairss:

1. Analyzing the proletariat function in Russia in the novel
2. Comparing the the proletariat function in Russia in the novel with the proletariat function in world
3. Deducing decision based on the all analysis of this survey.

1.7. Definition Of Key Footings

To avoid misconstruing on the footings used in this survey, the research worker gives the definition of each term one by one as follows:

1. Soviet union: is the universe ‘s largest state in country. It is about twice asbig asa Canada, the 2nd largest state, from 1922 until 1991, Soviet Union was the most of import democracy in the Soviet brotherhood, which was the most powerfull communist state in the universe. The Soviet brotherhood broke apart in 1991. After interruption up, Russia set up new political, legal, and economic systems. ( Anderson Et-Al, 2007:525 )
2. Russian Revolution: the revolution was sparked by an event that became known as “Bloody Sunday” . On 22 January 1905
3. Proletariat Class: the category of workers who do non have the agencies of production and who earn their life by working for rewards ( Crowther, Jonathan, 1995:849 )
4. Mimetic:Approach to literary unfavorable judgment that view an single work in footings the ‘truth’ of its representation of the world of the universe and of human life character. ( Mourner and Rausch, 1998:135 )

1.8. Thesis Organization

This thesis divided into four chapters. The first chapter is debut, dwelling of the background of the survey, statement of job, aim of the survey, significance of the survey, range and restriction of the survey, research method, research design, information analysis, technique of analysing informations, definition of cardinal footings and thesis organisation. The 2nd chapter is the reappraisal of related literature which contains of mimetic theory construct and definition those are used as the footings of mention in analysing the information. the 3rd chapter consists of analysis or the treatment and the last chapter is decision and suggestion.