Abstraction: The analysis of the district, of the population, of the gross value added and of the employment by types of parts ( “ preponderantly rural ” , “ intermediate ” and “ preponderantly urban ” parts ) allows us to detect, on the one manus, the concentration of these indexs by parts and, on the other manus, the importance of the parts from the position of guaranting these resources for the naA?ional economic system. Besides, the analysis of the employment and the gross value added in the non-agricultural sector express the beginnings of these indexs on the sectors of the national economic system: the primary, the secondary and the third sectors. The comparative analysis of the indexs registered by our state with the other indexs of EU states helps us to detect where Romania is positioned in European Union, in footings of economic and societal activity.

aˆzThis paper is suported by the Sectorial Operational Programme Human Resources Development ( SOP HRD ) , financed from the European Social Fund and by the Rumanian Government under the contract figure SOP HRD/89/1.5/S/62988 ” . Titles and rational and industrial belongings rights on the consequences of the post-doctoral research programme belong to The National Institute of Economic Research “ Costin C. KiriA?escu of the Rumanian Academy.

I. THE IMPORTANCE OF RURAL AREAS, BY TYPES OF DE REGIONS IN ROMANIA

We analyze the teritory, the population, the employment and the gross value adeed on different types of parts ( preponderantly rural part, intermediate parts and preponderantly urban parts ) in Romania, twelvemonth 2007[ i‚· ]i‚· .

In the Rumanian rural countries ( preponderantly rural and intermediate parts ) 90 % of the population there is in 99 % of the district, while in the urban countries ( preponderantly urban parts ) 10 % of the population there is in 1 % of the district ( Figure no 1 ) .

Most of the district ( 99 % ) is in the rural countries ( preponderantly rural and intermediate parts ) . By type of parts, the largest proportion of the district ( 59 % ) is in preponderantly rural parts, and the lowest proportion ( under 1 % ) is in the preponderantly urban parts.

The population, as for the district, is located in rural countries ( preponderantly rural and intermediate parts ) in a important proportion, severally 90 % . By type of parts, the largest proportion of the population ( 46 % ) there is in the preponderantly rural parts, and the lowest per centum ( 10 % ) there is in the preponderantly urban parts.

In footings of the economic activity, we make the undermentioned remarks, harmonizing to the informations in the tabular array above:

aˆ? the employment is provided by the rural countries in proportion of 89 % , the largest portion being provided by the intermediate parts with a part of 46 % ; 42 % of the employment is concentrated in the preponderantly rural parts and merely 11 % it is in the preponderantly urban parts ;

aˆ? most of the gross value added is provided by the rural countries ( 77 % ) , the largest portion being provided by the intermediate parts with a proportion of 43 % ; 34 % of the gross value added is concentrated in the preponderantly rural parts and merely 23 % it is in the preponderantly urban parts.

From the above analysis, we see that in our state, both the employment and the gross value added are concentrated in the intermediate parts.

If in the preponderantly urban parts, 11 % of employment provides 23 % of gross value added, in the preponderantly rural parts, 42 % of employment provides 34 % of gross value added, which means a better economic efficiency in the preponderantly urban parts compared with the preponderantly rural parts.

The rural countries ( preponderantly rural and intermediate parts ) have a particular significance for Romania in the visible radiation of the of import proportions of the district and the population.

The economic activity ( expressed by the employment and the gross value added ) , in our state, is concentrated more in the intermediate parts compared to that of the preponderantly rural and preponderantly urban parts.

II. Teritory, population, employment and gros value adeed on different types of parts, in Romania and in the other EU states

We analyze the teritory, the population, the employment and the gross value adeed on different types of parts in Romania and in the other EU states, twelvemonth 2007[ i‚· ].

The teritory and the population in Romania and in the other EU states

In the rural countries ( preponderantly rural and intermediate parts ) , the district varies from 54 % in the Netherlands to 100 % in Estonia and Slovenia and the population varies from 29 % in the Netherlands to 100 % in Estonia and Slovenia.

We observe that, if the district is concentrated for an of import figure of states, in preponderantly rural parts, the population has a comparatively balanced distribution on the three types of parts, for most European states ( Table no 1 ) .

In the EU-27, the district, by types of parts, varies: from 2 % in Netherlands to 99 % in Ireland in the preponderantly rural parts, from 9 % in Portugal to 52 % in Netherlands in the intermediate parts and from 1 % in Hungary to 46 % in Netherlands in preponderantly rural parts and the population varies: from 1 % in the Netherlands to 72 % in Ireland in preponderantly rural parts, from 11 % in Greece to 56 % in Slovenia and Sweden in intermediate parts, from 10 % in Romania to 71 % in Netherlands and United Kingdom in preponderantly urban parts.

In Romania, the rural countries ( preponderantly rural and intermediate parts ) in footings of district is 99.2 % ; this per centum is one of the highest in the EU-27 states, surpassed merely by Hungary ( 99.4 % ) , Estonia Slovenia ( each with 100 % ) ; the preponderantly rural parts provide the largest portion of the population 46 % , while the preponderantly urban parts concentrates merely 10 % ( which is the lowest per centum in the EU ) .

The employment and the gross value added in Romania and in other EU states

In the rural countries ( preponderantly rural and intermediate parts ) , the employment varies from 27 % in the Netherlands to 100 % in Estonia and Slovenia and the gross value added varies from 24 % in the United Kingdom to 100 % in Estonia and Slovenia ( Table no 2 ) .

Compared to the analyzed state of affairs for the indexs district and population, which are provided of the largest proportion of the rural countries ( preponderantly rural and intermediate parts ) , in supplying to the employment, all three parts ( PR, IR, PU ) have an of import part.

Therefore, the employment is provided ( in the highest proportion ) :

A

by the preponderantly rural parts in the states: Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia ;

by the intermediate parts in the states: Romania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Italy, Slovenia, Sweden ;

by the preponderantly urban parts in the states: Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Latvia, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom.

The chief part which generates the gross value added in the European country is the urban one ( for a sum of 14 states out of 27 ) . Therefore, the proportion of gross value added is greater:

in the preponderantly rural parts for the states: Austria, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Slovakia ;

in the intermediate parts for the states: Romania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Italy, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Sweden ;

in the preponderantly urban parts for the states: Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom.

In the EU – 27, by types of parts, the employment varies: from 1 % in Netherlands to 68 % in Ireland in preponderantly rural parts, from 11 % in Greece to 60 % in Slovenia in intermediate parts, from 11 % in Romania to 73 % in Netherlands in preponderantly urban parts and the gross value added varies: from 1 % in Netherlands to 60 % in Ireland in preponderantly rural parts, from 9 % in Greece to 67 % in Estonia in intermediate parts, from 23 % in Romania to 76 % in United Kingdom in preponderantly urban parts.

For our state, the largest proportion of employment is provided by the intermediate parts ( 46 % ) , followed closely by the preponderantly rural parts with 42 % , while the preponderantly urban parts covering merely 11 % of this index, which is the lowest in the EU-27 ; the gross added value is provided in proportion of 77 % by the preponderantly rural and intermediate parts ( this proportion is exceeded merely by two states Estonia and Slovenia, each with 100 % ) and in proportion of 23 % by the urban part ( which is the smallest proportion of the EU- 27, 2007 twelvemonth ) .

The district is concentrated for an of import figure of states, in preponderantly rural parts and the population has a comparatively balanced distribution on the three types of parts ( PR, IR, PU ) , for most European states.

Besides, for most European states, in supplying to the employment, all three parts ( PR, IR, PU ) have an of import part.

A greater figure of states of the EU-27 have a proportion of gross value added higher in preponderantly urban parts, compared with the other two parts ( PR and IR ) .

The employment and the gross value added in the non-agricultural sector[ i‚· ]in Romania and in the other EU states

We analyze the proportion of employment and the proportion of gross value added in the non-agricultural sector[ i‚· ]i‚· on different types of parts, in Romania and in the other EU states, twelvemonth 2007 ( Table no ) .

In the EU-27, harmonizing the information from the tabular array above, we observe that, the portion of employment in the non-agricultural sector by types of parts, is the lowest in the preponderantly rural parts ( 61 % in Romania ) and the highest in the preponderantly urban parts ( 100 % in Denmark, Ireland, Sweden, Denmark ) .

Another index of the economic activity gross value added provided by the non-agricultural sector has, besides, a high proportion in preponderantly urban parts in all EU states, standing out with 100 % the states: Belgique, Austria, Finland, United Kingdom, Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Sweden, Ireland, Denmark.

In the EU-27, the analized indexs of the non-agricultural sector, by types of parts, varies:

aˆ? from 61 % in Romania to 96 % in Sweden in preponderantly rural parts, from 70 % in Romania to 99 % in Estonia in intermediate parts, from 96 % in Latvia to 100 % in Ireland, Sweden, Denmark in preponderantly urban parts for the employment ;

aˆ? from 87 % in Bulgaria to 98 % in Denmark in preponderantly rural parts, from 93 % in Bulgaria to 100 % in Luxembourg in the intermediate parts, from 98 % in Malta to 100 % in Belgium, Austria, Finland, United Kingdom, Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Sweden, Ireland, Denmark in preponderantly urban parts for the gross value added.

In Romania, the portion of employment in the non-agricultural sector varies from 61 % in preponderantly rural parts to 70 % in intermediate parts and severally to 99 % in the preponderantly urban parts, and the portion of gross value added in the non-agricultural sector varies from 89 % in preponderantly rural parts to 94 % in intermediate parts and severally to 100 % in preponderantly urban parts.

Romania, compared to the other EU-27 states, has one of the lowest proportion of gross value added ( 89 % ) in the non-agricultural sector in PR ( merely Bulgaria registered a smaller proportion ) and has a smaller proportion of gross value added ( 94 % ) in IR ( merely Latvia and Bulgaria have the smallest proportion ) . In fact, the proportion of gross value added in the non-agricultural sector in the two types of parts, means a higher proportion of this index in the primary sector. Besides, our state, compared to the other EU-27 states, has the lowest proportion of employment in the non-agricultural sector, both in preponderantly rural parts and in the intermediate parts, which consequences a higher portion of this index in primary sector ( chiefly represented by agribusiness and hunting, forestry ) , in these two parts.

The non – agricultural sector provides the highest proportions both in footings of employment and, particularly, in footings of gross value added, in the preponderantly urban parts, for most European states.

Decisions

The rural countries ( preponderantly rural and intermediate parts ) , both by the district and the population has a particular importance for Romania and for the other EU states. In our state, the economic activity ( gross value added and employment ) is concentrated in preponderantly urban and intermediate parts.

The low proportions of the employment and of the gross value added in the non-agricultural sector registered of our state, in comparing with the other European states, reflects the importance of the primary sector in footings of economic activity, with peculiar mention to these indexs.