Introduction
Science fiction is one of the most popular subdivisions in the modern literature. At the same clip, the beginning of scientific discipline fiction literature dates back to antediluvian times, when ancient author attempted to stand for their thoughts in fictional signifiers and unite these fictional signifiers with their cognition of the existent life. In the class of clip, the scientific discipline fiction literature evolved systematically but it remained ever focused on the representation of thoughts, constructs and beliefs of authors, which were different from those that dominated in the existent life but which were frequently closely intertwined with the existent life or represented an alternate to assorted existent life issues, jobs and beliefs. As a consequence, the scientific discipline fiction is an highly rich genre of literature, which allows authors to develop new constructs and thoughts and show them in the literary signifier as an alternate vision of the existent life presented by the authors. In this regard, it is possible to mention to science fiction literary plants created by outstanding authors, such as George Orwell or Robert Sheckley, who created legion scientific discipline fiction literary plants, which proved to be non merely everyday scientific discipline fiction books but they were besides a kind philosophic plants created by author to convey their thoughts and warn the world about hazards that accompanied the development of the modern-day civilisation.
The major features of scientific discipline fiction literature
In actuality, scientific discipline fiction is a really popular subdivision in the modern-day literature. In this regard, it is deserving adverting the fact that the outgrowth of scientific discipline fiction literature is closely intertwined with the technological advancement of the universe, which stimulates scientific discipline fiction authors to make new plants, where they depict fictional universes that derive from the on-going advancement of scientific discipline and engineering. At the same clip, scientific discipline fiction literary plants do non needfully affect a solid scientific footing on the land of which a scientific discipline fiction book is written. What is meant here is the fact that scientific discipline and engineering are non necessary for the creative activity of a scientific discipline fiction literary work. Alternatively, the desire of a author to show an alternate position or construct is important because it is through the creative activity of a fictional, science fiction narrative, the author can show his or her alternate position or construct.
In this regard, it is of import to put accent on the fact that scientific discipline and engineering are of import for the development of scientific discipline fiction literature but they are non important. What is meant here is the fact that scientific discipline and engineering instead give scientific discipline fiction authors an penetration, an thought to make the signifier in which authors put certain content or message, which they want to convey to the audience. In fact, they use scientific finds and engineerings as tools with the aid of which they construct their scientific discipline fiction narratives and write their books, in which they convey their thoughts and constructs.
In fact, scientific discipline and engineering is non the nucleus of scientific discipline fiction books. Alternatively, scientific discipline fiction authors use scientific discipline and engineering to anticipate the farther development of the universe or to show their alternate vision of the development of the universe, every bit good as possible menaces the world can confront in the hereafter. In this regard, it is possible to mention to the genre of anti-utopia in scientific discipline fiction literature, which impact is peculiarly strong on plants of Orwell and Sheckley every bit good.
In such a manner, scientific discipline fiction literary plants focus chiefly on the development of alternate thoughts, positions, and constructs. Science fiction authors attempt to present and reply the inquiry what if and in the class of their plants they suggest their thoughts on the alternate development of the universe, society, engineerings and so on. Thus, scientific discipline fiction literary works represent a sort of blend of fact and illusion, where scientific discipline and engineering are facts that lay the foundation on the land of which authors develop their illusions and make their fabricated universe, which are different from the existent universe and the existent life.
Orwell ‘s 1984
On analysing the development of scientific discipline fiction literary plants in the twentieth century, it is barely possible to disregard plants created by George Orwell, whose part in the development of scientific discipline fiction literature at big and anti-utopia in peculiar can barely be underestimated. In this regard, it is possible to mention to one of the most popular and celebrated plants written by George Orwell, “ 1984 ” . “ 1984 ” by George Orwell may be viewed as a classical illustration of a scientific discipline fiction literary work because the full work represents the vision of the new universe fancied by George Orwell on the premiss that the full universe has entered a new phase of its development, when the totalitarian government establishes and regulations the universe. In fact, the writer shows how the technologically advanced society is doomed to moral debasement, when the totalitarian government establishes the regulations of the life of the full society, when people are non able or willing to larn the truth, where they can non talk freely and they can non show their thoughts and portion them with each other.
In this respect, George Orwell does non make merely a fictional universe. Alternatively, he constructs the new universe on the land of the totalitarian governments that existed in Europe during World War II and in the post-war clip. In such a manner, his scientific discipline fiction narrative is based on the analysis of the current state of affairs, past and prognosiss refering the hereafter society made by the writer in his book. What is meant here is the fact that George Orwell created his “ 1984 ” as a warning to the society refering the hazard of pretermiting democratic rights and autonomies and subjugation of persons by the province. The fabricated universe created by George Orwell depicts vividly horrors of the totalitarian government and entire control over the life and behaviour of persons. The writer shows clearly that the entire surveillance and control lead to the debasement of the society, want of basic humanistic values and the constitution of a terrible government, where persons play the function of marionettes, mechanisms executing a set of maps conditioned by the province. In such a context, the equality and felicity promoted by the opinion elite are dry, taking into consideration the privileged place of the opinion category depicted by the writer in his book. At this point, it is of import to put accent on the fact that this fictional book implies the existent universe and the bing societal unfairness and inequality, which the writer criticizes and condemns in his scientific discipline fiction book through the image of the Big Brother and the governing party.
On the other manus, the book depicts Great Britain, London ruined by the war which goes on for good. In this respect, the writer efforts to calculate the effects of World War III on the universe and the life of the society. No admiration he reminds that “ who controls the past controls the hereafter, who controls the present controls the yesteryear ” ( Orwell, 2 ) . Therefore, the writer depicts his vision of the alternate development of the universe, if the universe slips toward dictatorship and subjugation of basic human rights and autonomies.
Orwell ‘s “ Animal Farm ”
“ Animal Farm ” by George Orwell is another scientific discipline fiction literary work which is, to a certain extent, similar to “ 1984 ” in footings of the critical analysis and disapprobation of the totalitarian government and society. At this point, it is deserving adverting the fact that “ Animal Farm ” is the allegoric representation of the rise and constitution of Communist in the universe in footings of the peculiar farm where animate beings lift against the regulation of worlds and set up their ain province. In actuality, the fable was non a mere illusion of George Orwell. Alternatively, the book was based on the analysis of the Communist government in the USSR conducted by George Orwell. He analyzed critically the Utopian ideals of communism and represented it as animalism in his novel. In such a manner, his scientific discipline fiction book represents a combination of facts and illusion for the existent totalitarian government and political orientation act uponing the development of the modern-day universe was depicted critically, if non to state sardonically, by the writer in his “ Animal Farm ” .
Similarly to “ 1984 ” , George Orwell depicts the faux pas of the society toward dictatorship. In fact, the writer shows the negative impact of dictatorship on the life of an person. In this regard, it is of import to put accent on the fact that his allegoric society in “ Animal Farm ” every bit good as the fabricated society in “ 1984 ” mirror existent totalitarian governments bing in the universe, when both novels were written.
Sheckley ‘s “ Status Civilization ”
George Orwell was a representative of the anti-utopian tendencies in scientific discipline fiction literature in the twentieth century. At the same clip, his thoughts influenced plants of other authors. In this respect, Robert Sheckley was, to a certain extent, similar to George Orwell because he used scientific discipline fiction literary plants to picture his vision of the life of the society in the hereafter. His “ Status Civilization ” is a peculiarly notable scientific discipline fiction literary work in footings of the word picture of the new type of society by the writer.
Unlike George Orwell, who depicts drawbacks and horrors of the totalitarian province, Robert Sheckley shows two sides of the universes which exists following to each other. In fact, in his book “ Status Civilization ” , Robert Sheckley juxtaposes two counter poles, two societies established on the similar land but with a different disposition. To set it more exactly, Sheckley depicts Omega, where people has developed the cult of Evil, where they have to kill, bargain and commit other offenses to do sense of their life and to idolize the cult of Evil, whereas the Earth is a corrupting planet, where people live in a presumptively merely universe, where all people are equal and happy. In this respect, the Earth depicted by Robert Sheckley in his “ Status Civilization ” reminds George Orwell ‘s “ Animal Farm ” with its cardinal rule: “ All animate beings are equal but some are more equal than others ” . In “ Status Civilization ” , people populating the Earth are non truly equal and the society is non truly merely because people may populate in poorness and believe that they belong to the middle-class, which they define as the low-middle category, for case. At the same clip, the society depicted by Sheckley is non a mere illusion of the author but it mirrors the existent society, divided into distinguishable categories, where a few people rule, whereas the bulk represents the in-between category and many live in poorness. In other words, likewise to Orwell ‘s scientific discipline fiction literary plants, Sheckley ‘s fabricated universe has the land in the existent life. Therefore, his work is based on facts, which are backed up with illusions Sheckely brings in to demo readers chances of the modern-day society which may steal to debasement and to the life in the universe conditioned by automatons or to the life in the universe where people makes cult of Evil. In such a manner, as a scientific discipline fiction literary work, “ Status Civilization ” combines facts and illusion.
Sheckley ‘s “ Journey beyond Tomorrow ”
The thought of the absurd society, like the society idolizing Evil, can be traced non merely in “ Status Civilization, but in other plants written by Robert Sheckley every bit good, such as “ Journey beyond Tomorrow ” . “ Journey beyond Tomorrow ” is another scientific discipline fiction work, which depicts the future society, where engineerings have reached a high degree of development but the society depicted by the writer is still full of absurd extremes. For case, the chief character is imprisoned by the bing justness system but freed on the land of the determination taken by the electronic prophet. In such a manner, “ Journey beyond Tomorrow ” is another scientific discipline fiction work which shows the alternate position of the author on the society and the development of the world. Sheckley takes facts from the modern-day life and uses his illusion to modify and make the future society, which is wholly different from the modern-day 1.
Decision
Therefore, taking into history all above mentioned, it is of import to put accent on the fact that scientific discipline fiction literary works represent a combination of facts and illusion, where scientific discipline and engineering serve as tools with the aid of which scientific discipline fiction authors depict new universes and new societies. Often writers depict their vision of the future society. Anyhow, they create a fictional universe, where the illusion is closely intertwined with some existent facts taken from the existent life but they are modified to the extent that the results of authors ‘ illusions make the society and universe described alone and different from existent 1s. At the same clip, scientific discipline fiction literary plants represent positions and thoughts of scientific discipline fiction authors, who attempt to make options to the existent universe, where impossible is possible. On the other manus, many scientific discipline fiction works, like “ 1984 ” and “ Animal Farm ” by George Orwell or “ Status Civilization ” by Robert Sheckely, warn the populace against the development of negative tendencies in the modern-day society and the bar of possible hazards and menaces to the normal life of persons in the hereafter.
