Charles Dickens is one of the many famed writers who successfully changed certain positions and beliefs held by society utilizing Literature ; some even considered him a spokesman for the hapless. Dickens was born into an upper category household significance he was able to recognize some of the features and outlooks the richer people had. Subsequently on in his life, Dickens male parent got himself into debt and hence Dickens became responsible for gaining portion of the household ‘s life. In ‘Great Expectations ‘ , Dickens carefully uses characters and secret plan to portray society biass as he tells the ‘rag to wealths ‘ narrative of Phillip Pirrip. He was able to stand for his thoughts and feelings in such a powerful mode and with great impact due to his past personal experience. He managed this through his ability to make iconic characters. The narrative is based on Charles Dickens usage of bildungsroman to take us through the adventuresome life of immature Pip. The ground behind all the accomplishments and success Dickens has experienced in his life and authorship is due to his ability to utilize many powerful presentational, structural and lingual devices such as Gothic imagination to picture the life styles of the Victorian audience as they made it look as if force, decease and unwellnesss were a common and acceptable factor of life.

At the start of the novel, we are bit by bit introduced, to an ex-convict who appears to be the adversary of the novel. Pathos is created right off, when the storyteller and supporter explains in a kid like mode, his state of affairs at the beginning of his retrospective “ on the authorization of his gravestone. ” The fact that Pip is passing Christmas Eve in a cemetery all by himself is justification for the reader to get down to sympathize with him. What ‘s more is that it purposefully reminds us of the societal context at the clip, underscoring the deficiency of advanced medical specialty available which had caused highly lay waste toing issues such as Cholera and troubles in child birth. This is made clear to us when Pip references, “ before the yearss of exposure. ” Nowadays, with the sum of engineering we are entitled to, Pip ‘s state of affairs and life style is really rare in western society, intending we can sympathize more for him. However, back so, state of affairss like these were terribly common doing them a batch easier to challenge. Another thing that would hold created an opposite reaction to the modern audience is that Pip was in a cemetery at the age of seven. The events we are introduced to during Pip ‘s childhood culminate into reflecting the danger that would hold been recognised as normal during the specific epoch. This emphasises Pip ‘s pure artlessness.

Settings play large functions in this novel, assisting to do the captive ( Magwitch ) seem so cryptic. It ‘s partly due to us holding such a little sum of cognition about including his name until further into the novel. The techniques used to exemplify and make a graphic image of the surrounding has made the characters become memorable and dramatic, “ the natural afternoon, towards flushing. ” This is about a metaphor for his life as it gets darker in the late afternoon/evening. It mirrors how his life is bit by bit acquiring darker and lacerate apart.

Another intimidating technique that was used in the novel was the powerful description, “ the distant barbarian den from which the air current was hotfooting was the sea. ” Imagery is improbably effectual in this specific quotation mark as the air current is compared to the unpleasant milieus bring forthing the personification of the air current ‘rushing ‘ in a awful manner. This assembles strong contrast to Pip who is a bantam and weak kid. This emphasises the dangers and issues that he is transporting on his shoulders. In add-on to this, Magwitch ‘s personality is carefully being mirrored through the usage of hapless false belief formalizing his aggression and animalistic characteristics. Sibilance has been used by Dickens to overstate the sound of the air current and sea, ‘distant ‘ , ‘savage ‘ , ‘rushing ‘ and ‘sea ‘ . This creates a cryptic ambiance and makes the air current and sea seem unpredictable reflecting on Magwitch ‘s personality as he is seen to be unpredictable.

Dickens physiques on the tenseness and negative sentiment towards Magwitch that the readers are experiencing through the description of his visual aspect, “ a fearful adult male, all in coarse Grey, with an Fe on his leg. ” First, powerful adjectives are used when the word ‘fearful ‘ was mentioned as it exaggerates the image of the ex-convict devising him appear a batch worse than what he truly is. This adds onto the negative idea that the readers have for Magwitch, underscoring that he is perchance the adversary. Second, the description of the vesture that the ex-convict was described have oning illustrates the societal spreads in society at the clip, for case “ all in harsh Grey. ” During the Victorian epoch the hapless were considered stupid and worthless. The words ‘coarse Grey ‘ suggests that he is lower category as he is in an unkempt outfit. Furthermore, the fact that he had “ a great Fe on his leg ” substantiates that he is exceptionally physically powerful. This makes him look striking and creates contrast between him and the petite, lame Pip. In add-on, it gives the feeling that he is improbably determined as we shortly find out he swam his manner out of prison and isolation demoing his finding to derive freedom. This besides makes both modern and Victorian audiences start to believe more about the manner he is made to stand out in being unrealistically strong. As a consequence of this word picture of Magwitch in chapter one and the onslaught that took topographic point, it placed a traditional political orientation to the audience ‘s head of the ogre-like character. However, Dickens defeats the traditional political orientation of monsters subsequently in the novel and goes into the context of Magwitch ‘s behavior.

In the Victorian epoch, long-winded authorship was rather popular of the successful writers of the period, “ a adult male with no chapeau and with broken places and with an old shred tied around his caput. ” The word ‘and ‘ was repeated infinite times to add deepness to the statement. Along with this, the long-winded manner of composing expressions as if it is a list of all the hurts and hurting that the inmate is traveling through. This constructs the reader to experience yet more disgust towards Magwitch. In contrast, Dickens intimations to his audience the complexness of the characters in the novel by utilizing long-winded authorship as he does non cite a character such as Magwitch to a individual word but uses verbose composing when depicting him to show his complication of his character. In add-on, the consequence of this manner of composing magnifies the character as it goes beyond one description of Magwitch. for case, Dickens purposefully describes Magwitch “ with no chapeau ” so that the Victorian audience would construct up his image in their heads as a traditional lower category individual. This is due to the fact that during that epoch, a adult male with a chapeau was considered respectful as they were following society ‘s outlooks. However, he farther elaborates the description of Magwitch by stating he has “ broken shoe and with an old shred tied to his caput ” .

Devils persistently uses the technique of repeat to widen the sentences painting a graphic image in the readers mind, “ A adult male who had been soaked in H2O, and smothered in clay, and lamed by rocks, and cut by flints, and stung by nettles, and torn by briors, who limped and shivered, and glared and growled, and whose tooth chattered in his caput as he seized me by the mentum ” . The consequence of the compound sentence is that it reflects onto Magwitch ‘s despair, making a sense of poignancy towards him. Besides, this demonstrates for us everything that he has been through, about sounding like an autobiography. This is because it explains the issues that Magwitch has, steadily altering out sentiment of him. The words: ‘soaked ‘ , ‘smothered ‘ , ‘lamed ‘ , ‘cut ‘ , ‘stung ‘ , ‘torn ‘ , ‘limped ‘ , ‘shivered ‘ , ‘glared ‘ , ‘growled ‘ , and ‘chattered ‘ are all really powerful and violent words overstating the issues that both Pip and Magwitch are traveling through. The combination of words that have been skillfully used in this sentence creates assorted emotions to the audience as it includes powerful and vulnerable adjectives. This creates confusion to the audience as the scoundrel is portrayed as being vulnerable and the non-conventional thought of a scoundrel being a victim. Furthermore this creates a integrity and a common land between the two characters as it places ‘the marauder ‘ in the place of ‘the quarry ‘ . Adding to this, initial rhyme is used to make a fearful and scaring atmosphere, ‘glared and growled ‘ . This emphasises the contrast between the two characters. Furthermore, it portrays the animalistic characteristics and abandon of Magwitch doing him a batch more memorable.

Hyperbole is used by the writer to do the characters to boot striking as they shock the reader of Magwitch ‘s behavior, “ turned me upside down and emptied my pockets. ” This adds to the force that we have already noticed from Magwitch. It clarifies the despair of the inmate taking him to fall back to such actions. Furthermore, this plays on the audience ‘s bias about the hapless and reinforces the traditional political orientation of the on the job category. Hyperbole is besides a characteristic of fairy tales used to lucubrate a point. The greatest hyperbole in this novel relates back to the rubric of the novel ; the thought that non all outlooks in life are met. This becomes more apparent subsequently in the novel when characters such as Magwitch are non who they foremost seemed to be. In add-on to this, Magwitch ‘s strength is overdone whilst Pip as a character becomes the contrast of Magwitch ( peculiarly during the onslaught ) .

There is an instant turn to our opinion of Magwitch as contrast is one time once more created demoing a different side to him, “ he ate the staff of life hungrily. ” Pathos is brought in as a duality occurs of Magwitch ‘s character in the reader ‘s imaginativeness and moral is changed. This is due to the manner he ate the staff of life ( a basic nutrient ) doing him look vulnerable and hungry. Commiseration begins to click on the audience as some context of ‘the scoundrel ‘ Begins to demo. This would make a major reaction in the Victorian clip as the affluent readers would be new to this as they have non experienced such feeling. A lower category reader would be able to associate to the state of affairs and get down to see more of the context than a reader who had ne’er experienced such a feeling before. The phrase ‘ravenously ‘ is besides an hyperbole being such a powerful adverb. This is to take a firm stand on the thought of his exposure

During the Victorian period, Gothic novels were improbably popular, therefore a grounds of why Charles Dickens wrote in this manner, “ he looked in my immature eyes as if he were evading the custodies of the dead people, stretching up carefully out of their Gravess, to acquire a turn upon his mortise joint and draw him in. ” Gothic imagination is created in when Pip references ‘dead people ‘ and ‘graves ‘ . It was used by Dickens as he knows the readers at the clip would be highly fascinated by the construct. Equally good as doing the fresh interesting via utilizing Gothic imagination, Dickens embarks upon of import societal attitudes. We see that Magwitch feels the demand to get away non merely from prison but from society ‘s negative positions of him as an ex-convict. This reflects society ‘s category systems and the manner they judge him due to his deficiency of wealth. Some of the upper category audience may hold thought he deserves to be ‘pulled down ‘ and that he is a individual who is non deserving their clip and concern. However Dickens ‘ purposes throughout this novel are to alter the societal political orientation of such individuals.

Another technique used by Dickens to do Magwitch stand out is through the manner the characters communicate. Magwitch ‘s address is violent and aggressive towards Pip, “ what fat cheeks you ha ‘ got… Darn me if could n’t eat ’em. ” First of wholly, the captive threatens Pip in an unreasonable mode picturing him as a bully, disrespectful and nescient. Following, the premise is that he will eat him, intending we are consecutive off unimpressed by what Magwitch has said as he has evidently frightened a seven twelvemonth old male child and perchance perpetrate an unreligious act. Dialect is used to underscore the fact that Magwitch is working category and is non knowing, adding to the already made premise of him.

At the clip, most novelists would chiefly be composing about the upper category as they were considered to hold better life styles. This made the audience believe that life was a batch more interesting if you were affluent due to the texts which was written about them. However some novelists began to appreciate the autumn of the upper category and the failing outlooks of the typical norm and began to compose about this, for case Charlotte Bronte ‘s novel of Jane Eyre. Fairytales were besides highly popular during this period therefore doing the audience focal point on the ogre-like character doing Magwitch so dramatic. The inventive nature of fairy tales to the reader makes the fresh visible radiation hearted, nevertheless it is really effectual in showing a point ; which arguably could be the ground why Dickens chose this manner of composing in this novel.

Religion was exceptionally of import at the clip ; which is why Dickens links his narrative to religion, “ say Lord Strike me dead if you do n’t! ” The philosophical significance behind this is that Magwitch is to the full cognizant that people were earnestly spiritual at the clip, intending that Pip would make as he was told if he made him perpetrate in cursing to God. This helps us sympathize with Pip and gain the spiritual positions that society had at the clip. It starts to do us oppugn whether Magwitch was truly spiritual or was utilizing faith as a tool against Pip. This is besides linked to the offenses that were committed as this was seen to be a offense to faith. It makes the reader feel resentful as Magwitch is coercing him to include faith in offense. This is non merely the intensions behind the offense of faith but besides relates to the major offenses that were held by society. This being larceny. Larceny was a monolithic issue in the Victorian period as many were of the lower category and could non afford a life and had to therefore resort to larceny.

Another highly dramatic character in ‘Great Expectations ‘ is Miss Havisham. Dickens prepares the reader for the debut of Miss Havisham in a really similar manner to Magwitch ; through the usage of imagination and description. It helps the reader become prepared for the ruddy herring as we subsequently find out Miss Havisham is the existent ‘villain ‘ in the novel. At the start of chapter eight, Miss Havisham ‘s house is described as ‘Satis house. ‘ This means ‘enough ‘ house. By making this, Dickens mirrors Miss Havisham ‘s state of affairs as she seems to hold had “ adequate ” of her life. Symbolism is one of the most of import and effectual in doing Miss Havisham memorable and dramatic, “ off old brick and dismal, and had a great many Fe bars to it. Some of the Windowss had been walled up… all the lower were rustily barred. ” First, the words ‘old ‘ and ‘rustily ‘ are clear symbols for the thought of Miss Havisham being so old and yet non married. This was an highly unusual thing at the clip as adult females were expected to be married at an early age. Second, the description of the house states that she has blocked any kind of life from come ining her house as the Windowss had been “ barred. ” This besides reminds us of the isolation from life and freedom that she is sing which is similar to a state of affairs of being in a prison. Adding to this, it besides creates a dark and dejecting atmosphere as there is literally no life traveling on in the house doing Miss Havisham ‘s life seem mortal. This matches the popular subject that was about in that specific period being Gothic.

The scenes has been described to be a cold, and dejecting winter assisting the audience start to gain Miss Havisham ‘s personality and go prepared for what her features would be like. The description of the scenes prepares us and sets our outlooks of Miss Havisham, “ No brewing was traveling on in it, and none seemed to hold gone on for a long, long clip. ” This is about a metaphor for Miss Havisham as the topographic point seems to be untidy and non good looked after. This right off makes the audience start to do opinions of what the reader ‘s outlooks would be of Miss Havisham from the description of the scenes. Miss Havisham ‘s life has been reflected onto the metaphor depicting the brewery as no human activity had gone on for a really long clip. This links to the spiritual beliefs that largely existed in the Victorian epoch and may still happen presents of adult females non losing their virginity until matrimony. We automatically assume that Miss Havisham is still a virgin as she was abandoned before she got the opportunity to free it. This exaggerates the sense of no activity happening anyplace around her or in her. The word ‘long ‘ has been repeated in the quotation mark, overstating the fact that no brewing had been traveling on for such a long period of clip. This emphasises Miss Havisham ‘s construct of barricading any sort of life traveling on around her.

Hapless false belief is the most effectual technique used by Dickens in doing Miss Havisham stand out as her temper was invariably reflected in the conditions and atmosphere around her. It has been used to depict the dejecting conditions reflecting on Miss Havisham ‘s temper and life manner. “ The cold air current seemed to blow colder at that place… it made a sharp noise in ululating in and out. ” The coldness of her personality is invariably repeated doing her seem like such a ‘cold ‘ hearted individual. Onomatopoeia is used when the word ‘howling ‘ is mentioned doing the audience admiration and believe about the possibility that Miss Havisham ‘s weeping is making the ‘shrill ‘ sound. This besides creates a major consequence on non merely the Victorian audience but the modern audience as it constructs a sense of fright of her as she is made, by Dickens, to be flooring and memorable reminding us one time once more of the similarities of the debut of Magwitch. This is usage of ruddy herring as she is compared to who the readers believe is the adversary. This is done by the simple usage of personification doing the scenes and state of affairs seem a batch more realistic and lively. It carefully prepares us for when we shortly find out that she is n’t the “ faery godmother ” in the narrative and is in fact the monster!

Miss Havisham chiefly stands out due to her unusual visual aspect in being at such an old age and yet still in her nuptials frock, “ she had a long white head covering dependent from her hair, and she had nuptial flowers in her hair but her hair was white. ” The word “ white is repeated for assorted grounds: First, it could be used, to one time once more overstate the pureness in her still being a virgin at such an old age. The 2nd ground for this is to name attending to her “ white hair. ” It was strongly unconventional at the clip, for a adult female to hold white hair and to be dressed in a white, marrying frock. In contrast to this, a modern audience would respond otherwise as it is seen to be common for adult females to be newlywed at an old age. Dickens chief purpose in this peculiar subdivision of the chapter is to alter the positions of society. This was because upper category people were seen to be invariably happy and populating their life to the most. This plays upon the cliche ‘money bargains felicity ‘ . It shows a side to the wealthy that had ne’er been seen before doing Miss Havisham become an legendary character in the novel.

Through the visual aspect of Miss Havisham, we see her context in a clearer manner to demo us her wealth and arrangement in society. This helps the reader understand her state of affairs in deepness, “ she was dressed in rich stuffs – satins, and lacing, and silks – all of white. ” This unmistakably states that Miss Havisham ‘s vesture was of ‘rich ‘ stuffs. We are right off informed that she is of the upper-class and has evidently been born into the profusion. Adding to this, the stuffs mentioned are: ‘satin ‘ , ‘lace ‘ and ‘silks. ‘ These are all stuffs used by the rich and affluent as they were highly expensive at the clip. This makes her stand out yet more as until this portion of the novel we have merely met the lower-class making contrast between the characters.

Furthermore, Miss Havisham is made to be every bit dramatic as she is, still half dressed in her nuptials outfit, “ she had non rather finished dressing for she had but one shoe on. ” This makes Miss Havisham appear to be exceptionally unusual and unnatural as she has been in the same status from the twenty-four hours of her nuptials. This is peculiarly curious as she had non completed dressing ; emphasizing the point that she was abandoned by the adult male she was meant to get married hours before the nuptials. In both Victorian times and our clip this would look unusual making a major consequence of the readers. This was written by Dickens to underscore that you did n’t hold to be affluent and rich to be happy as Miss Havisham had a big sign of the zodiac and many gems stating us she is affluent yet she is still unhappy. Besides, another thing that is shown by Dickens is the truth that people are incognizant of about the rich and affluent. He about reveals a secret behind the lives of the upper category being that they are non ever as respectful and good mannered as they have been made to look. This is to assist alter positions of the people in the Victorian epoch and assist do everyone in society feel equal.

Sympathy is all of a sudden created towards Miss Havisham in an uneven affair as she, after minutes of meeting Pip, explains her life style, in being heartbroken, “ Puting her custodies, one upon the other, on her left side. ” As Miss Havisham touches her beginning of hurting, we start to sympathize with her as we feel her exposure and despair. This is as she feels the demand to state Pip or anyone she meets about her state of affairs about feeling proud of it in a sense. This one time once more reminds us of the societal context at the clip and creates daze as she, an upper classed individual, portions with Pip who is a lower classed individual her problems which were entirely, flooring. Subsequently on, her failing is one time once more overdone doing her so memorable and singular, “ she kept her custodies there for a small piece, and easy took them away as if they were heavy. ” This is great usage of accent as it helps us conceive of how difficult it is for her to remain alive as she has problem raising her ain custodies. It someway reminds the reader of the dead as it seems that person is traveling her weaponries like a marionette. This refers to the fact that she is about a marionette following her certain beliefs of non transporting on in life. Besides the word ‘heavy ‘ makes us believe that she is excessively lame to transport her ain strength.

The manner Miss Havisham had been made to pass on with others in the novel is about a metaphor for her personality and topographic point in society, “ you are non afraid of a adult female who has ne’er seen the Sun since you were born? ” We can clearly see that she seems proud of the state of affairs she is in, doing us inquire whether it is because of the fact that she has adequate money to be able to afford being in that eccentric state of affairs and remain life. Furthermore, it shows her hatred towards work forces as she keeps seeking to set hapless Pip in awkward state of affairss inquiring him that kind of inquiry. When Miss Havisham asks Pip if he is ‘afraid ‘ of her, it all of a sudden creates contrast between them and helps us recognize her unusual features as she confidently knows he must be afraid being such a immature kid and yet she still feels the demand to inquire him. Besides, it makes the audience start to be, likewise to Pip, afraid of her.

Dickens develops on Miss Havisham ‘s ignorance when she is seen to pass on with Pip being a lower category. “ Are you dark and stubborn male child? ” This makes her genuinely stand out as she was of the upper category and was meant to be good mannered. This was purposefully written by Dickens so that he could acquire the point across to the Victorian ‘s that rich and affluent people are non ever of the better sort. This contrasts with Pips manner of pass oning as he is so respectful and brought up good. It makes the audience realise that lower category people could be good educated every bit good as higher category people. This was chiefly written towards the Victorian audience as they believed that people with no money were worthless and should non hold being in society.

To stop with, Miss Havisham is ever made to stand out as she is strongly described really carefully by devils. Furthermore, accent and hyperbole is invariably used by Charles Dickens in a subconscious mode doing her a batch more dramatic than she truly is. This merely constructs daze doing her memorable doing a graphic image of her to remain in the readers mind.

One of the other outstanding characters Dickens has creates through this novel is Estella. Estella is made to be unforgettable in a different mode to the other characters in the novel. She is described in a positive manner by Pip as we shortly find out that he likes her, “ She seemed much older than I, of class, being a miss, and beautiful and collected ; and she was a scornful of me as if she had been one-and-twenty, and a queen. ” Estella is made to be memorable through the address of Pip as he makes her seem so superb and ‘beautiful ‘ . The ground for Estella to be made outstanding is so that she contrasts with Miss Havisham who is non every bit good looked after and does n’t hold a pleasant and inviting visual aspect. This is major contrast as she seems to be the lone life traveling on in the house and the merely happy thing in Miss Havisham ‘s life. Dickens besides makes Estella stand out in a concealed manner through the usage of imagination, “ We went through more transitions and up a stairway, and still it was all dark, and merely the taper lightened us. ” This is overstating the angel-like characteristic to Estella. The name ‘Estella ‘ merely means star. This is more or less a metaphor for Estella being the merely lively thing in the house with a bright attitude to life. Besides, when Pip is made to state that the taper is the lone thing buoy uping them in the dark, it mirrors Miss Havisham ‘s life and the fact that Estella is the lone thing buoy uping up her life and doing it endurable.

Another thing that makes Estella so conspicuous is the manner she talks to people such as Pip, “ you have been shouting boulder clay you are half blind, and you are near shouting now. ” This clearly shows the audience that she has been about trained by Miss Havisham to ache work forces and upset them in a serious and strong manner. Besides, societal context is truly powerful in this statement as Dickens tries to demo how the rich and affluent would set the remainder down for non holding money and non being able to afford as many goods and services as they could. Another feature of the Victorians that Dickens tries to acquire across is the manner Estella does non follow society ‘s outlooks of a respectful and obeying girl/young adult female. Adding on to the thought of Estella going trained by Miss Havisham is the few powerful words she references to her, “ you can interrupt his bosom ” . This quotation mark would for certain daze any audience whether they are of the modern or Victorian readers. This makes Estella stand out due to the contrast being created with Miss Havisham. She is highly unusual and bizarrely violent towards Pip. This makes the reader focal point on Estella and they manner she obeys Miss Havisham.

I summary, Charles Dickens makes certain characters in the novelette become singular through the usage of presentational, structural and lingual devices throughout the plot line. His chief purpose was to alter the negative positions held by society towards the hapless in the Victorian period and helps to give them a voice and addition importance, regard and grasp as they should hold. Dickens besides tried to alter the atrocious nature of worlds which had been created over the old ages giving a bad name to the hapless. Even in the modern universe, ignorance is in our day-to-day lives as many of the lower category members are being ignored and detested twenty-four hours in and twenty-four hours out. The lone of import difference there is between the modern and Victorian people is the fact that nowadays, everything is a secret.