1-Background of the survey: The disadvantages faced by migratory Muslim adult females in Australia in seeking to get proficiency in English may ensue from their diverse cultural and lingual backgrounds every bit good as the cultural, spiritual and cultural barriers based on gender favoritism. Due to their spiritual and cultural beliefs the demands of the Muslim adult females are different from other NESB ( non English speech production background ) communities in Australia. Not being able to entree their English linguistic communication entitlements isolates these adult females and bounds them from take parting in the general Australian community.

Moslems from Asia foremost migrated to Australia from the 1860s as frogmans from Malay and as Afghan cameleers to work for the European colonists.

Describe English linguistic communication as a planetary linguistic communication and why interested for people for illustration: ( Non-native talkers of English study the English linguistic communication for different grounds. For migratory non native talkers of English, bilingualism may be affair of importance to them as their the female parent lingua is normally reserved for the domestic and societal spheres while English speech production accomplishments are acquired for usage in the public sphere. For Muslims, the issue of bilingualism is much more complex as linguistic communication for them is non merely tied to civilization and tradition but besides has strong links with faith and spiritual patterns. These spiritual patterns impact both the domestic as besides the public kingdom. For Muslims who do non talk Arabic as female parent lingua, the linguistic communication of faith is different from that of the private infinite where the female parent lingua may be retained. This is farther complicated by the impact Islam with its rigorous philosophies on the functions of work forces and adult females in domestic and societal life has on the public and private spheres.

The three chief linguistic communications spoken by Australian Muslims are Arabic, Turkish and English.

Add in text from Lambert

Gardner and Lambert ( 1959, as cited in Jahan and Roger, p.3 ) have summed the orientation of English scholars into two: integrative and interpretive. The term integrative entails commiting the English linguistic communication and this is more common in states where English native talkers occupied as colonisers ( Gardner and Lambert, 1959, as cited in Jahan and Roger, p.3 ) . Meanwhile the term interpretive entails a more personal degree of larning wherein the aim is use the linguistic communication for concern intents and other functional and useful intents ; this may besides be characterized as holding a higher grade of scholar? s involvement ( Crookes and Schmidt, 1991, as cited in Jahan and Roger, p.3 ) .

1-1-Teaching English as a planetary linguistic communication:

English has long become the lingua franca for most states. As English grows in importance as a planetary linguistic communication, so does the dependance of people on it from across the universe. This is possibly because the linguistic communication of scientific discipline is English and most of the scientific development has been recorded utilizing English as the medium of synergistic communicating. The inter-dependence of states in the universe is turning as concerns and multi-national corporations across the Earth develop and grow. That is the ground why English will possibly stay the most active and dynamic linguistic communication for planetary communicating.

This omnipresent presence of English in about all watercourses of life and human activities may be attributed to the colonisation of most parts of the universe, by the Europeans. England had covered huge countries in the Americas, Asia, Africa and Australia during colonisation and it merely reflects as the linguistic communication most in usage in these countries. Implicitly, this differentiation may be a hint to how English is viewed in a peculiar country- for case, either as a foreign linguistic communication ( true for interpretive orientation ) or as a 2nd linguistic communication ( true for integrative orientation ) . On a really practical degree, globalisation reinforced the position of English as the universe? s tongue franca. Historically, the spread of English consequences from colonialism ( Le Ha, 2008, p.73 ) and imperialism. Now, at present context, as Tollefson & A ; Tsui ( 2007, p.1 ) affirm, there are two tools of globalization- engineering and English. Indeed, the survey of English by persons with a non-English speech production background ( NESB ) is now recognized to be of an extreme importance for practical and utile purposes- English is used for the publicity of planetary economic system, trade and even in human-centered maps ( see Garcia & A ; Otheguy, 1989, p.3, as cited in Le Ha, 2008, p.72 ) .

The tendency of admiting and advancing this importance is easy to see. For case, there is the ever-increasing statistics of NESB persons analyzing English anyplace in the universe ( Jahan & A ; Roger, 2006, p.1 ) . For case, in East Asia, Japan and Korea ( Tsui & A ; Toleffson, 2007, p.4 ) considered the survey and usage of English as political and economic scheme to asseverate presence in the planetary small town ( Albrow, 1990, 1996 ; Giddens, 1990, 2000, as cited in Tollefson & A ; Tsui, 2007, p.1 ) . Then seek to link this paragraph to the following paragraph. For illustration harmonizing to of import of English to people in the universe in general, English is really of import for migrators in Australia particularly for Muslim in peculiar, in the following caption I will explicate why English affairs for immigrants in Australia. Always make connect with the following caption.

Status of Muslims in Australia

1-2-Why larning English linguistic communication affairs to Muslim immigrants in Australia: -I want you foremost to explicate the position of immigrants ( in general ) in Australia, for illustration why they leave their place states and came to Australia ( you have to concentrate on forced immigrants, for illustration you have to state that they leave their place state because they looking for safe and because the bad security state of affairs in their place states and the grounds in inside informations so speak about forced Muslim immigrants, why they leave their place states and come to Australia, and reference that they leave some members of their households behind them, explicate in inside informations ( you have to concentrate on forced immigrants because they will assist you in the literature reappraisal in following chapter when you talk about yearning, belonging and Diaspora because they are forced immigrants and leave portion of their household members like male parents or female parent or sisters ) so speak about Iraqi Muslim immigrants ( for illustration ; in the instance of Iraqi Muslim immigrants adult females, many Iraqi Muslim households leave the Iraq, they left Iraq because their hubbies were working as translators with the alliance forces ( Australian ground forces ) , the terrorists in Iraq consider or place any organic structure working with the alliance forces as a undercover agent, therefore they left Iraq. Harmonizing to the Islamic/Arabic civilization, the hubbies consider as a defender for their married womans. Therefore their married womans left Iraq with their hubbies and left their parents and Islamic community and lived in Australia so the Iraqi Muslim adult females were forced to go forth Iraq and came to Australia. Explain in inside informations by utilizing your ain authorship. ( use commendations in the paragraph to back up you composing ) , it is of import to do connect with the following caption.

Why immigrants need to larn English- Then you have to advert why the immigrants must larn English in Australia, for illustration to incorporate with the Australia society, for successful colony, and to acquire a occupation? explain in inside informations,

Problems of linguistic communication acquisition for grownups

– Then you have to advert that some immigrants confronting troubles in larning English for many jobs. In the instance of Iraqi Muslim adult females, they facing many challenges related to their Islamic/Arabic/Iraqi cultural individuality. That what want to look into in this research, the influence of their cultural individuality on their learning English as ESL at linguistic communication Centre in Australia.

1-3- Example from my existent life as a migrator and ESL scholar in Australia: ( rewrite this illustration by your ain words, it is really of import )

Problem of Muslim individuality in Australia

I and my married woman were came to Australia as forced Immigrants, as I mentioned above, I was one of the translators who were worked with the Australian Army in Iraq. Therefore, I left Iraq with my household looking for safe in Australia. When arrived in Australia, my married woman started larning English at AMES linguistic communication Centre. After three hebdomads study English at AMES, my married woman was much complain and uncomfortable in larning English at AMES linguistic communication Centre. She explained to me that these challenges related to her individuality as a Muslim. For illustration she said that ( her Veil/Hijjab represent her individuality, so it is of import for me to esteem the values and traditions in my cultural individuality when I larning English linguistic communication at AMES in Australia. She said that some pupils in my schoolroom were cognizant when I have oning my Veil/Hijjab.in add-on to the English instruction stuffs in Australia reflect the existent life in Australia. These values are opposite to my values as a Muslim. Besides she explained to me that she is non involvement in interact with the Australian Society, because there are many factors in Australia prevent me related to my cultural individuality. So learning English is non of import for me because one twenty-four hours I will return back to my place state, Iraq ) . Because the system in the AMES Language centre let to pupils to analyze at Home by directing Tutor to them to their place, My married woman selected this pick and started survey English at Home. From my married woman experience larning English at AMES, I was confused because I thought these factors are non existent challenges affect my married woman ‘s learning English. And I thought that my married woman will endorse to AMES one twenty-four hours. But subsequently on I realized these challenges that faced my married woman when I got a occupation in Australia. In the first twenty-four hours of my occupation, my Boss, he was Russian, was angry because he saw me at tiffin clip praying, he told me it is non good to pray here, I explain to him that I am Muslim and I have 30 minute tiffin clip and it is the clip of pray. The foreman told me, you are non in Iraq, you are in Australia. Therefore, I left this occupation. At this clip, I got straight to my married woman ‘s challenge in larning English, She tried to keep her individuality by wear her head covering and avoiding different and unusual values when she larning English. And I tried to keep my individuality as a Muslim by praying.

1-4-The principle for the survey:

-To be able to pass on with the Australian community, most immigrants learn English as a 2nd linguistic communication at AMES linguistic communication Centre in Melbourne, Australia. As I, my married woman and many Iraqi Muslim households immigrated to Australia in 2008, most of them of started larning English linguistic communication at AMES linguistic communication Centre at the same twelvemonth. My married woman explained to me that there are many issues related to her individuality as Muslim adult females has affected her English acquisition at AMES linguistic communication Centre. At that clip I was involvement to look into the same issues with the other Muslim adult females from Iraq who immigrated to Australia.

1-5-The purposes of the survey:

-Because Iraqi Muslim adult females are a portion of other NESB adult females, this research focuses on the jobs Iraqi adult females face when prosecuting their surveies at an English linguistic communication Centre in Australia. In peculiar, Does keeping the Islamic cultural individuality when larning English in western society is the chief challenge confronting adult females with Islamic cultural background? Therefore I will carry on qualitative in which Muslim adult females ‘s experiences and perceptual experiences are tapped by utilizing in-depth interviews.

1-6-Research Questions:

1- What perspectives of Iraqi cultural individuality do Iraqi Muslim adult females bring to English acquisition at AMES linguistic communication Centre in Australia?

2-To what extent does Iraqi Muslim individuality impact on Iraqi adult females ‘s acquisition in western society ( Australia ) ?

3-Why do Iraqi adult females in Australia prefer larning English at place alternatively of AMES linguistic communication Centre?

4-To maintain their cultural values, do Iraqi adult females prefer larning English off from English civilization?

5- What are some deductions for Adult ESL suppliers?

1-7-Organization of the thesis:

This survey consist of five chapters, following this introductory chapter, chapter two is the statement on individuality, harmonizing to some western bookmans individuality is ever altering harmonizing to the topographic point and clip because besides they thinks faith is a portion of civilization while the Islamic individuality in the Islamic construct is divided in to essentials qualities and non- indispensable qualities, the indispensable factors in the Islamic individuality will ne’er alter. Therefore Muslim adult females must keep these indispensable factors in her individuality. So when Muslim adult females maintain these factors as her individuality, there will be many factors in western society ( Australia ) will impact their larning English in Australia. Besides, I will discourse the deductions of socialization in Second linguistic communication larning to look into the challenges of Iraqi Muslim adult females in larning English when they maintain their indispensable factors in their individuality.

Chapter two: Literature reappraisal: ( 5000 words )

*overview

2-1-1-Definition of individuality:

2-1-2- Concept of individuality in Western position ( it is really of import to utilize many commendations in each caption with reference Author name, twelvemonth, page figure )

Here you have to speak about individuality, because Western Scholars affirm that individuality is ever mutable and non stable harmonizing to clip and topographic point. How the individuality concept. Besides they affirm that faith is a portion of civilization. Depend on Hall, Norton and others. Besides some of them asserted that there are multiple individualities. Use many commendations. ( Be careful that you will discourse the construct of individuality from Islamic position subsequently on in other caption, so prepare for that caption here )

2-1-3- linguistic communication:

Use many commendations when you talk about linguistic communication acquisition.

2-1-4- The relationship between individuality and Language acquisition:

( utilize many commendations ) use in-text referencing with writer name, page figure, twelvemonth

2-1-5- The Application of Acculturation Theoriesand theoretical accounts in Second Language Acquisition:

( utilize many commendations ) use in-text referencing with writer name, page figure, twelvemonth.

When explain here take in your consideration the immigrants, explain in inside informations about socialization schemes for immigrants in 2nd linguistic communication acquisition and how immigrants deal with schemes? be cognizant that you will based on because later on in the findinigs chapter 4, I wiil investigate why Iraqi adult females separated, because they want to keep their individuality tnen that influenced their acquisition english

2-1-6- Consideration of individuality in Socialization:

Explain the function of individuality in socialization and how it affects. ( use many commendations ) use in-text referencing with writer name, page figure, twelvemonth

2-3-Concept of individuality in Islamic position:

Explain that individuality harmonizing to Islamic bookman is non ever mutable because there some indispensable factors in individuality will ne’er alter such as pillars of Islam and articles of religion. Besides they consider civilization is a portion of faith. How the individuality concept. Explain in inside informations and so speak approximately viel/Hijjab as a portion of articles of religion to fix for the following caption. ( Use many commendations ) use in-text referencing with writer name, page figure, twelvemonth

2-3-1- Veil or Hijjab as a Muslim adult females individuality:

Explain what head covering means in Islam for illustration as individuality of Muslim adult females. Why the head covering is of import, what veil agencies for other Muslims, why head covering of import in Islam, which values that head covering refer to? ? . ( use many commendations ) use in-text referencing with writer name, page figure, twelvemonth

2-3-2- The function of Iraqi civilization in English instruction stuffs: ( utilize commendations to back up these authorship and rewrite this paragraph harmonizing to your ain authorship )

In the instance of Iraq, it has a closed-culture society where tradition and the impact of civilization and faith are strong even in instruction. The obstructions that may hinder hitting the instruction and larning mark ends include: ( 1 ) the instructors? attitude and ( 2 ) the scholars? attitude ( Doukas, 1996. pp.187-188 ) . Iraq is a state with 28, 506, 000 population ) . It is a state in the Middle East that is rich with its Islamic and Arabic traditions. These traditions are the strongest factor that exerts a really solid influence on the behavior of mundane life of its citizens, every bit good as, rather reflected by state? s societal constructions. These traditions besides established a shared set of political orientations among its people. Iraki civilization is a non-western manner of life that forms the cardinal foundation in the locals? instruction. For Iraqis who stayed chiefly in Iraq most of their lives, influence is strongest. Iraqis have really strong beliefs in their ain system of beliefs, tradition and civilization and they readily reject anything which they recognize as foreign, particularly if they are confined in Iraq. This strong affinity with what they own locally is readily apparent in their well-preserved ways of life. As an Iraqi myself, I say that Iraqis tend to esteem cultural differences but when it comes to cultural struggle, they reject anything considered as foreign. To use the communicative linguistic communication instruction ( CLT ) attack to learn English in Iraq utilizing western resources can so be a really ambitious place.

Iraqi educational civilization is basically teacher-centered. It is readily observed anyplace in Iraq that the wise man posses the concentration of power and authorization. The wise man takes the function of cognition communicator. It is expected that instructors are the 1s to give thoughts and information. In other words, student- instructor interactions are less frequent and restricted. These interactions ever base from regard and so, it is seldom that pupils would dispute the point of position of their instructors. Indeed, while this may be viewed as characterizing? a limited, shockable people, whose inert minds lay fallow in incurious surrender? ( Porter, 1994, p.155 ; cited in Penycook, 1998 ; as cited in Le Ha, 2004, p.51 ) , it is more of attitude of regard for instructors dictated by the local civilization. On the surface, it may look that Iraqi pupils would merely take in whatever is fed to them but there is more to it than merely accepting and finally repeating the information received. In my position, it is ne’er possible to repeat what is merely received because in the terminal, pupils will ever treat information and take the significance from the whole, and non in fragments.

Additionally, interactions among pupils are besides less frequent and discouraged. In Iraqi civilization, interactions like this are considered more as noise or unneeded perturbation and are therefore, prohibited. Last, educational resources used are basically based on the local civilization. This comes instead obvious sing how mono-cultural the society is, and where exposure to non-Iraqi local patterns is rather less

2-4- Factors that affect Muslim adult females ‘s English acquisition at AMES Language Centre:

2-4-1-Negative stereotype held by the host society against Islam and adult females ‘s head covering: explicate how negative stereotype against Islam and veil affect Muslim larning Englishin general do non advert Iraqi adult females talk about Muslim in general in Australia. Please do connexion between negative stereotype and its affect on larning English. How the events after 11 September? .. how media affect on in image of Islam? .then talk in inside informations about head covering. ( Use many commendations ) use in-text referencing with writer name, page figure, twelvemonth

2-4-2-longing and belonging: explain yearning and belonging affect adult females larning English. They forced immigrants? .. ( utilize many commendations ) use in-text referencing with writer name, page figure, twelvemonth

2-4-3-Diapora: explicate how Diaspora affects adult females larning English, ( use many commendations ) use in-text referencing with writer name, page figure, twelvemonth

2-4-4- A clang of learning civilization: explicate how when people larning new civilization particularly Muslim affect their acquisition? ? ? . ( use many commendations ) use in-text referencing with writer name, page figure, twelvemonth

The Application of Acculturation Theories in Second Language Acquisition

Second linguistic communication acquisition ( SLA ) is the procedure by which persons learn a linguistic communication other than their native linguistic communication ( mother-tongue ) taking to bilingualism ( Norton, 198, 4 ) . The relaxation, ability and success with which the 2nd language- in lingual footings referred to as the mark linguistic communication ( TL ) is acquired depends on assorted socio-cultural and psychological factors, which can either promote or impede the learneraa‚¬a„?s motive. Assorted theories of SLA have been formulated to explicate how scholars get a 2nd linguistic communication, and the factors that influence the result.

The socialization theory explains that societal and psychological factors determine the extent to which a 2nd linguistic communication can be learnt. It is the gradual procedure by which immigrants or 2nd linguistic communication scholars ( 2LL ) acquire immersed into the civilization of the mark linguistic communication, and as a consequence learns about that linguistic communication, aa‚¬A“through societal and psychological integrationaa‚¬A? ( Schumann, 1986, 379 ) . Intercultural differences, nevertheless, sometimes do it hard for immigrants to gain a 2nd linguistic communication in a new civilization. This is particularly the instance for striplings and emerging grownups ( Schwartz, et Al, 2006, 2 ) , who are still in the procedure of individuality development. Among Moslem immigrants in the US, for case, factors such as civilization daze and laterality may impede SLA. Culture daze occurs when immigrants are introduced to a new civilization, with a lifestyle different from their cultural background, such as dressing and socialisation forms. In footings of psychological factors, the immigrantsaa‚¬a„? attitudes about the TL and degree of motive to larn find the success rate. It affects the degree of contact between people of different civilizations, and the grade of linguistic communication acquisition that takes topographic point as a consequence ( Berry, 2001, 16 ) . For case, a negative attitude towards the Western civilization and manner of life will deter societal interaction and hence acquisition.

However, 2nd linguistic communication scholars employ a figure of socialization schemes in response to the challenges encountered in the new civilization ( Bhatia & A ; Ram, 2001, 4 ) . They can run from racism to ethnocentrism, both of which can significantly deter socialization and in consequence, the rate of 2nd linguistic communication acquisition ( Norton, 1986, 13 ) . By assimilation, the 2LL loses their place civilization and alternatively acquires the host civilization, such as linguistic communication and life style. Integration takes topographic point when the 2LL are able to retain their place civilization in a culturally plural society ( Berry, 1998, 12 ) , while larning and accepting the civilization of the TL. On the other manus, separation occurs when the person refuses to acquire assimilated or integrated into the new civilization. Finally, marginalisation takes topographic point if the immigrant suffers rejection, depression and anxiousness, and as a attendant gets distanced from both their place and host civilizations.

In decision, 2nd linguistic communication acquisition is a merchandise of interacting socio-cultural and psychological factors. The socialization theories identify these factors as responsible for the rate at which immigrants get a new linguistic communication when they are exposed to a different civilization.

Professor Abdullah Saeed ( 2004 ) . Muslim Australians. Melbourne: National Capital Printing. [ Accessed 30 August 2010 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.abdullahsaeed.org/book/muslim-australians-their-beliefs-practices-and-institutions.