Pronunciation is the most hard portion for 2nd linguistic communication scholars ( non-native talkers ) to larn and besides far more inexplicable to understand for ESL instructors to learn because though native talkers who speak and use the same female parent lingua life in the society. They still have more or less differences in their address features such as modulation, speech pattern and so on. Basically, it is really difficult to seek to happen the grounds why they are from the same lingual background, and they come up with the assorted jobs in pronunciation forms or features. Possibly it might be due to civilizations, personal feature, geographical parts, feelings, and other factors which can act upon the quality, or fluctuations in pronunciation.
II. Methodology
Interestingly, acquiring to cognize about the causes for the fluctuation in pronunciation, particularly EFL/ESL scholars, one pupils, who was chosen to read a transition given called “ The Cat and the Mice ” deliberately, name Phearun. He was born and gown up in Siam Reap state, and two old ages ago he moved from his hometown to Phnom Penh metropolis in order to peruse his farther survey in university degree at Institute of Technology of Cambodia for technology in the 2nd twelvemonth. Besides study different topics in his major, Phearun is besides analyzing foreign linguistic communications like French and English, and the grounds why he surveies double linguistic communications at the same clip because first most of the paperss at ITC are in Gallic linguistic communication, and secondly English linguistic communication is really of import for communicating, A A and occupation in the hereafter. He has been larning English for three old ages, two old ages at Siam Reap state with Kampuchean English instructor, and a twelvemonth at private English school at Cambodia Institute Cooperation Institute ( CICI ) as a portion clip pupil. In order to acquire the information, the reader was told in advanced in acquiring him more relax and experience free to read the text, and so I used my ain Personal computer to enter his voice in a quiet room at school ( ITC ) .A A The recorded sound lasts about one minute and 13 2nd length of clip. Furthermore, Based on the demand that needs to take the criterion set of pronunciation as the alone tool to analyse, comparison and do a treatment of the causes for the fluctuation in pronunciation, so that American English criterion set ( Cambridge Advanced Learner ‘s Dictionary – 3rd Edition ) is chosen to follow with the practician.
III. Findingss
First of all, thought groups are interestingly pointed out as fluctuation in his pronunciation while he was reading the transition. As Goodwin ( 2001 ) provinces, “ In natural discourse, we use intermissions to split our address into manageable balls called idea groups. ” ( p.119 ) . Additionally, thought groups or breath groups are more likely the same as the usage of punctuation in the reader procedure written discourse ; furthermore, most of the ESL scholars seem to split their address into unwieldy, mussy balls or intermissions as what they want to. It is really difficult for ESL/EFL scholars to split their address into manageable and more standard balls comparing to the native talkers. moreover, in Khmer linguistic communication it seems a spot unusual in talking when we need to do the address up into little balls in order to assist the hearer understand the messages that express an thought or though. Most of the English instructors possibly do n’t truly cognize or unsure about pronunciation in the idea group because what the scholars and instructors are making in their schoolroom merely based on the ready-made class books that focus merely on how to read the transitions and compose accurately to avoid grammatical errors ; nevertheless, it sounds or feels useless, exhausted, tiring and lost attending from pupils when the lessons talk about pronunciation like emphasis, modulation and so on.
For illustration, from the recorded sound in the transition give about idea groups.
A certain house was overrun with Mice. / A Cat, detecting this, / made her manner into it, / and began to catch / and eat them one by one. / The Mice, being continually devoured, / kept themselves near in their holes. / The Cat, no longer able to acquire at them, / perceived that she must/ allure them forth by some device. / For this intent / she jumped upon a nog, / and, suspending herself from it, / pretended to be dead. / When the Mice came near she pounced among them / and killed a great figure. / Pleased with the success of the fast one, she tried another. / She whitened herself with flour, / and lay still on the pile of bags, / as though she was one of them. / The immature Mice crept perilously near her, / but an old one / peeping / stealthily / out said: / “ Ah, my good dame, / though you should / turn into a existent flour-bag, / I will non come excessively near you. ”
The talker seems to decelerate down his vocalization into many balls deliberately that is non his natural discourse because he found some troubles in content words like peeping, and stealthily, which forced him to hesitate into many balls like the sentences in line 8 and 9: The immature Mice crept perilously near her, / but an old one / peeping / stealthily / out said: / “ Ah, my good dame, / though you should / turn into a existent flour-bag, / I will non come excessively near you. ” Furthermore, thought groups are divided up into little balls non merely in content words, but besides in the long sentences that have a batch of map words ( the, a, and ) . Within each idea group he emphasizes the content words, giving particular emphasis to the focal point word, and after the focal point word he pauses briefly before the following idea group begins. From these mistakes, I can merely state that these are the fluctuations that lead him to less fluid talker because of hesitating excessively often ; nevertheless, sometimes the talker can split their sentence ( s ) into more different balls based on their intended significance comparatively in different scenes.
The following fluctuation treatment is about the standard set of pronunciation, American English speech pattern mentioned above, and surprisingly after entering the voice and listening to it repeatedly, I found that there are some alterations or fluctuations in pronunciation accidentally from the reader in British English speech pattern to American English speech pattern or frailty versa. As the criterion to transcribe the English consonants and vowels sounds, the International Phonetic Alphabet ( IPA ) is used to stand for the most common spellings. Before Lashkar-e-Taiba the talker to read the transition given, I asked him whether he likes British or American pronunciation in his speech production, and so he said “ It ‘s really hard to separate between the two similar speech patterns, but I prefer British English to American ‘s speech pattern. “ A A For the undermentioned illustration illustrates the fluctuation in his intended British ‘s 1. The word Certain in line one transcribed in standard set in American English in the IPA is like this /E?sE?E?tE™n/ but the reader ‘s IPA represents like /E?sE?E?.sE™n/ . From what I have learned in Phoneticss and Phonology with lector Chea Kagnarith, so I will utilize lines / / to tag off symbols to stand for phonemes. In fact, the two phonic symbols sound and expression contrasting in footings of harmonic sounds / t / and / s / . When we talk about consonants ‘ sound, there are three chief features: topographic point of articulation ( bilabial, labiodental, dental… ) , mode of articulation ( rhinal halt, halt, continuant… ) , and voicing ( vibrating or non ) . The symbol [ T ] is shown in voiceless alveolar halt in the harmonic chart, but [ s ] is shown in voiceless alveolar continuant thatA A A A A A A A
When Americans speak they divide longer sentences into phrases called “ thought groupsA ” .
Within each idea group we emphasize the content words, giving particular emphasis to the focal point word. After the focal point word we pause briefly before the following idea group begins.
Many non-native English talkers fail to utilize thought groupsA when they speak English. For many people this causes their address excessively sound excessively fast for American hearers to understand.
There are no solid regulations for spliting longer sentences into idea groups. It truly depends on the thought that you are seeking to convey.
