Fredrick Douglass one time said “ In thought of America, I sometimes find myself look up toing her bright bluish sky, her expansive old woods- her fertile fields- her beautiful rivers- her mighty lakes, and star-crowned mountains. But my ecstasy is shortly checkered, my joy is shortly turned to mourning. When I remember that all is cursed with the infernal spirit of slavery, robbery and incorrect. ”[ 1 ].This extract is spoken through the eyes of an African- American slave who along others were brought by mainland British America to construct the New World. The Africans, were mistreated, punished and judged by white people, merely because of their colored – tegument, category and gender. From that rough behaviour emerged a term which is known today as racial favoritism.

For so many old ages, black people were put down or considered as inferior by Whites who started to fabricate stereotypes. For illustration, in his book How Race is Made, smith gave an illustration where he said white people claimed that the Negro tegument carried the unpleasant aroma. 2 In Whites perception black adult females were created merely to function them. Smith references that the black amahs were non allowed to touch white people or eat with them, even though the amahs are the 1s who prepare the repasts and press their apparels.[ 2 ]Some Africans challenged those images and governments. Smith explains that in some “ African American fraternities used canes as an act of opposition against white authorization ” 3

After the Civil war, bondage was abolished in America and release was celebrated by the African Americans. Many ex-slaves celebrated this motion in literature, where they wrote about their times and experiences as slaves. The biggest illustration is Frederick Douglass, who is considered the leader of the abolitionist motion. He was the first of many to compose about bondage and taking to stop it.That period of black literature was dominated largely by work forces who expressed it in the signifiers of poesy and autobiographies. They have defined themselves as the lone translators of the black experience. However, they have failed to see and admit what the opposite sex had to see every bit good.

Through ages black adult females were ranked as less of import group in America, white males were at the head, so white females, after that black males, and eventually black adult females. African American Womans have faced unfairness ; they lived highly tough lives filled with unforgettable experiences. Those amahs struggled to hold equal rights and have their voices heard.[ 3 ]After the Abolitionism, Women besides started to compose about their past life yet before the twentieth century their plants did non lend to the history of black literature.[ 4 ]However, that shortly changed by the beginning of 1960s and 1970s, when black adult females successfully managed to print their plants. Their plants explored racism and add with pride the personal experience with sexism, however, their plants were distinguishable from the male authors and it has been taken so earnestly, particularly by the American society.[ 5 ]They used what is called the voice of truth, shouting to the people about the rough intervention and unforgettable experience which will be stuck in their memory everlastingly.

There are two adult females authors who started this phenomenon. The first is Ntozake Shange ‘s for her 1978 drama called Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf, and the 2nd is Michele Wallace ‘s 1979 book called Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman.[ 6 ]Black work forces took offense by this and saw it as an act of lese majesty from their adult females. They besides reject those adult females ‘s composing despite the ulterior recognition of their individuality as a originative chef-d’oeuvre that they achieved through their Hagiographas.[ 7 ]They accused them of helping the “ white male-dominated, racist society ” against black people and particularly work forces.[ 8 ]In her book called, Listen Up: Voices from the Following Feminist Generation, Chamber describes the female transmutation as a motion to release non from race but from work forces. She besides mentioned that “ the battle of feminist motion make a sense that adult female motion has betrayed work forces. ”[ 9 ]There were a batch of efforts to clear up and to rectify the thought of the “ betrayed ” from black adult female through literature like, the narratives, novels, poesy aˆ¦etc. The ground black work forces “ think ” they feel betrayed is because black adult females are deriving their independency through literature and they are distributing their influence to other adult females. Besides, their plants in black literature is being acknowledged by the white American society and is acquiring credits for it. In add-on, they are afraid that the adult females ‘s composing against them will take down their already low image, which is established by the Whites. So, many black adult females authors followed Shange and Wallace ‘s illustrations and started what is known today as female African- American literature. Through authorship, black adult females tasted the rights to portion their experiences, feelings and ideas of issues that they were portion of, and to make a voice that calls for alteration and seeks their freedom from favoritism.[ 10 ]They have successfully transmitted this from their ain position, manner and idiom.

However, no 1 has managed to make it better than the novels by Zora Neale Hurston, Toni Morrison and Alice Walker. Their part to black literature is extremely acknowledged and noted. Not merely that their plants revolve around racism and feminism but besides about black people who reached a noteworthy societal position by suiting themselves to white society.

The thing which makes these novelists special is because each author has lived her ain clip and made herself a symbol for all other black adult females. For illustration, Zora Neale Hurston novel Their Eyess were Watching God was one the number ones to speak about feminism during 1930s. Besides, Toni Morrison was the first African American female author to look on the screen of Newsweek for her early plant in 1970s. Finally, there is Alice Walker, who was the first to add the construct of “ womenism ” alternatively of “ feminism ”[ 11 ]. So these three authors accomplished a batch and are an illustration to be proud of. For these grounds this undertaking will research Hurston ‘s Their Eyess were Watching God, Morrison ‘s The Bluest Eye and Walker ‘s The Color Purple which are all known for narrating their positions of racism and feminism.